{"id":141605,"date":"1831-08-12T21:17:00","date_gmt":"1831-08-12T19:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/niet-gecategoriseerd\/the-belgian-revolt-1830-1832\/"},"modified":"2026-04-11T09:34:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T07:34:57","slug":"the-belgian-revolt-1830-1832","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/en\/war-resistance\/the-belgian-revolt-1830-1832\/","title":{"rendered":"The Belgian Revolt (1830\u20131832)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:0\">\n<p><strong>After the Allied powers definitively defeated Napoleon in 1815, the Northern and Southern Netherlands were unified. The new Kingdom of the Netherlands was ruled by King William I. However, problems soon arose between the south and the north. There were significant political, economic, cultural, and religious differences.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b2cf2b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b2cf2b\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Belgische-Opstand-Brussel-1830-door-Gustave-Wappers-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"The Belgian Revolt in Brussels (1830), by Gustave Wappers\" class=\"wp-image-49826\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Belgische-Opstand-Brussel-1830-door-Gustave-Wappers-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Belgische-Opstand-Brussel-1830-door-Gustave-Wappers-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Belgische-Opstand-Brussel-1830-door-Gustave-Wappers-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Belgische-Opstand-Brussel-1830-door-Gustave-Wappers.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The Belgian Revolt in Brussels (1830), by Gustave Wappers <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-oproep-nationale-militie\">National Militia Call-up<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.nl\/books?id=jQFQAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=nl&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q=15%20februarij%201827&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">February 15, 1827<\/a>, the Provincial Gazette of Gelderland published a Decree in which 460 men from Gelderland, including twelve from Aalten, were summoned to appear at the &#8216;Government Building&#8217; in Arnhem at 8:00 AM on February 27 as reservists of the National Militia. As of March 1, they were required to be &#8216;under arms.&#8217; A number of them would not return alive.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p>The men from Aalten called up were:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>7th Infantry Division<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/52298573\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Joan Henricus Bennink<\/a> (1807-1832)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/52298127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hendrik Jan Bent<\/a> (1807-1872)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/52298571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reinerus Ebbink<\/a> (1807-1877)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/52298105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Derk Hendrik te Slaa<\/a> (1807-1827)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/samenleving\/bevolking\/personen\/stapelkamp-toni-1807-1889\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Toni Stapelkamp<\/a> (1807-1889)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/52298122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reijnder Uffink<\/a> (1807-1880)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>13th Infantry Division<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/52270492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Christiaan te Boveld<\/a> (1807-1827)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/51398846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Harmen Jan te Boveld<\/a> (1807-1827)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/52298084\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Garrit Willem Hesselink<\/a> (1807-1867)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/52298164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dirk Jan Hoornenborg<\/a> (1807-1876)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/90822240\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Johannes Christianus K\u00f6tcher<\/a> (1807-1876)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/18279454\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Petrus Bernardus Smit<\/a> (1807-1876)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>More residents of Aalten served, as evidenced by the decorations awarded later (see further on in this article). However, we do not yet have a complete overview of them. Further information is therefore welcome.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:0\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tiendaagse-veldtocht\">The Ten Days&#8217; Campaign<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In August 1830, the Belgians revolted. At the end of September, an army was sent from the North to restore order. The Belgian resistance proved more stubborn than expected, and after a few days, the army was forced to withdraw from Brussels.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To avenge this defeat, King William I sent a larger force to Belgium on August 2, 1831. France decided to intervene and sent an army of 40,000 men to the Southern Netherlands. Consequently, William I withdrew his army. All in all, the conflict had lasted 10 days.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ten Days&#8217; Campaign took place from August 2\u201312, 1831. The military operation was led by Prince William of Orange (the later King William II), who agreed to an armistice on August 12, 1831, after the Belgians surrendered Leuven. In the following week, the Dutch troops withdrew to North Brabant. Only the Citadel of Antwerp remained occupied under the command of Chass\u00e9 (&#8216;General Bayonet&#8217;) until the capitulation in December 1832.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p><em>In 1937, G.H. Rots wrote in the Aaltensche Courant about the Ten Days&#8217; Campaign:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Peace arrived, and the population returned to their labors. But peace would not last forever. The struggle between the Northern and Southern provinces ignited, and known as the <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiendaagse_Veldtocht\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ten days&#8217; campaign<\/a>, battle had to be joined once more. <strong>Once again, young men from Aalten marched off to join the struggle.<\/strong> This conflict was not particularly bloody, and most returned safely to their homes.&#8221;  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Those who had participated in that ten days&#8217; campaign received a medal. In our youth, there were <strong>two veterans<\/strong> in Aalten who wore this decoration. During national festivities, they would be seated in a <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Landauer_(rijtuig)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">landau<\/a>, drawn by two horses, and took the place of honor in the procession. The names of these last Aalten veterans were <strong>Lorijn<\/strong> and <strong>Loohuis<\/strong>. The medal of the latter is now in the possession of Mr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findagrave.com\/memorial\/209439982\/jan_steven_schaars-prins\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">J.S.S. Prins<\/a>.&#8221;    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:0\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-citadel-van-antwerpen\">The Citadel of Antwerp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b32236&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b32236\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Maarschalk-Gerard-en-de-Franse-prinsen-betuigen-generaal-Chasse-hun-respect-temidden-van-de-ruines-van-de-citadel.-Stadsarchief-Antwerpen-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Marshal G&#xE9;rard and the French princes pay their respects to General Chass&#xE9;.\" class=\"wp-image-49831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Maarschalk-Gerard-en-de-Franse-prinsen-betuigen-generaal-Chasse-hun-respect-temidden-van-de-ruines-van-de-citadel.-Stadsarchief-Antwerpen-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Maarschalk-Gerard-en-de-Franse-prinsen-betuigen-generaal-Chasse-hun-respect-temidden-van-de-ruines-van-de-citadel.-Stadsarchief-Antwerpen-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Maarschalk-Gerard-en-de-Franse-prinsen-betuigen-generaal-Chasse-hun-respect-temidden-van-de-ruines-van-de-citadel.-Stadsarchief-Antwerpen-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Maarschalk-Gerard-en-de-Franse-prinsen-betuigen-generaal-Chasse-hun-respect-temidden-van-de-ruines-van-de-citadel.-Stadsarchief-Antwerpen.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Marshal G\u00e9rard and the French princes pay their respects to General Chass\u00e9 amidst the ruins of the citadel.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Shortly after the uprising in 1830, a portion of the Dutch military had retreated to Antwerp. At the end of October, <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Hendrik_Chass%C3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">General Chass\u00e9<\/a> concentrated them in the <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Citadel_van_Antwerpen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">citadel<\/a>. This garrison was reinforced after August 1831. On December 24, 1832, General Chass\u00e9 surrendered to the French army, which had been called to aid by the Belgians, following heavy artillery bombardments and a 25-day siege.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The French <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tienne_Maurice_G%C3%A9rard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Marshal G\u00e9rard<\/a> also demanded the important Scheldt forts Lillo and Liefkenshoek. These were no longer under Chass\u00e9&#8217;s command, so they could not be negotiated. G\u00e9rard then offered the choice between surrendering the forts or taking the soldiers to France as prisoners of war. Only William I could provide a solution. He refused.    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:0\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-krijgsgevangenen\">Prisoners of War<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On December 29 and 30, 1832, over 4,500 Dutch soldiers departed for Northern France as prisoners of war. However, because France and the Netherlands were not at war with each other, they were effectively hostages. The journey took eight days of marching through Zwijndrecht, Melsele, St.-Niklaas, Lokeren, Deinze, Desselgem, Kortrijk, Menen, Ypres, Vlamertinge, Poperinge, Steenvoorde, and Cassel. On January 5, Saint-Omer was reached via Arques. Part of the Infantry continued to B\u00e9thune, another part with the Artillery and Engineers to Hesdin, and the Navy to Aire.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b33107&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b33107\" class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"253\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Saint-Omer-Kazerne-de-la-Barre-400x253.jpg\" alt=\"Saint-Omer - Caserne de la Barre\" class=\"wp-image-49830\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Saint-Omer-Kazerne-de-la-Barre-400x253.jpg 400w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Saint-Omer-Kazerne-de-la-Barre-768x486.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Saint-Omer-Kazerne-de-la-Barre.jpg 790w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The La Barre barracks in Saint-Omer, where a large portion of the Dutch soldiers remained in captivity.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>On May 21, 1833, the Convention of London brought about a partial lifting of the state of war. The prisoners of war were to be released. On June 8, four French frigates, three corvettes, and one brig set sail from Dunkirk for Vlissingen. A day later, they made landfall in Vlissingen and marched to Middelburg that same day.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It would take until 1838 before the Dutch King William I sullenly threw in the towel. With the signing of the <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Verdrag_van_Londen_(1839)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treaty of London<\/a> in 1839, the separation of Belgium became a fact. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:0\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-onderscheidingen\">Awards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>All those who had been under arms and were deemed to have participated in the military operations during the Ten Days&#8217; Campaign were decorated with the <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metalen_Kruis_1830-1831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metal Cross<\/a>. This commemorative medal, also known as the &#8216;Hasselt Cross,&#8217; was awarded in recognition of their proven loyalty to King and Fatherland. The bronze crosses were struck from the metal of the cannons captured from the Belgian Army of the Meuse during the Battle of Hasselt on August 8, 1831.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By Royal Decree of May 31, 1833, King William I of the Netherlands instituted the <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antwerpsche_Medaille_1832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Antwerp Medal 1832<\/a>. This was to be awarded as a <em>&#8220;reward to those who, during the siege of the Citadel of Antwerp in the period from November 28 to December 24, 1832, served in the citadel and subordinate forts (Vlaamsche Hoofd, Burcht, Zwijndrecht, and Austruweel), as well as on the flotilla on the Scheldt before Antwerp.&#8221;<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-onderscheiden-aaltenaren\">Decorated Aalten residents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A number of Aalten residents are known to have been decorated with the Metal Cross (<strong>MK<\/strong>) for their participation in the Ten Days&#8217; Campaign and\/or the Citadel Medal (<strong>CM<\/strong>) for the defense of the Antwerp citadel. Below are the names and decorations currently known to us. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-large-font-size\">\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>MK:<\/strong> Jan Anthonij Bekink (1812-1898), lived in the <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/aalten\/peperstraat-08-10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Peperstraat<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>MK:<\/strong> Joan Henricus (Jan Hendrik) Bennink (1807-1832), lived on the <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/aalten\/prinsenstraat-12\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prinsenstraat<\/a>. He was a <em>flanker with the 2nd Battalion of the 14th Infantry Division<\/em> when he <a href=\"https:\/\/images.memorix.nl\/bhic\/download\/fullsize\/865f2a49-4c07-48e3-af15-5ffc5259c95a.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">passed away<\/a> in a hospital in &#8216;s-Hertogenbosch. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>MK:<\/strong> Dirk Jan Hoornenborg (1807-1876), born at <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/haart\/hoornenborg-nieuw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nieuw Hoornenborg<\/a> on the Haart, lived in Gorssel from approximately 1845 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/nl\/detail\/49386461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">passed away<\/a> in Kring van Dorth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>MK:<\/strong> Johannes Christianus K\u00f6tcher (1807-1876), lived in <a href=\"https:\/\/proxy.archieven.nl\/26\/5FD0764F3E66460DAA11C27FD606C178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bredevoort<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>MK:<\/strong> Hendrik Jan Loohuis (1812-1905), lived the final years of his life in the <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/aalten\/hogestraat-084-avondvrede\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Avondvrede Rest Home<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>MK:<\/strong> Petrus Bernardus Smit (1807-1876), lived on the <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/aalten\/hogestraat-059\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hogestraat<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>MK+CM:<\/strong> Tonij Stapelkamp (1807-1889), lived on the <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/aalten\/hogestraat-026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hogestraat<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>CM:<\/strong> Paulus Lorijn (1811-1899), came to Aalten from Wageningen in 1844 and lived successively at the <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/heurne\/dinxperlosestraatweg-070-piepert\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Piepert<\/a>, Heurne, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/aalten\/katholiek-gasthuis-armenhuis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Roman Catholic hospital<\/a> on the Hogestraat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>CM:<\/strong> Roelof Somsen (1808-1891), lived on the <a href=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/dale\/hofstedeweg-6-pennings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pennings<\/a> farm in Dale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b340d1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b340d1\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Onderscheidingen-van-Tonij-Stapelkamp-Citadelmedaille-en-de-later-uitgereikte-grote-medaille-op-naam-vanwege-de-Commissie-van-Erkentenis-rechts-het-Bronzen-Kruis-van-de-Tiendaagse-Veldtocht-800x600.png\" alt=\"Decorations of Tonij Stapelkamp - Citadel Medal and the (large) named medal issued later by the Commission of Gratitude; on the right, the Bronze Cross of the Ten Days' Campaign.\" class=\"wp-image-95396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Onderscheidingen-van-Tonij-Stapelkamp-Citadelmedaille-en-de-later-uitgereikte-grote-medaille-op-naam-vanwege-de-Commissie-van-Erkentenis-rechts-het-Bronzen-Kruis-van-de-Tiendaagse-Veldtocht-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Onderscheidingen-van-Tonij-Stapelkamp-Citadelmedaille-en-de-later-uitgereikte-grote-medaille-op-naam-vanwege-de-Commissie-van-Erkentenis-rechts-het-Bronzen-Kruis-van-de-Tiendaagse-Veldtocht-400x300.png 400w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Onderscheidingen-van-Tonij-Stapelkamp-Citadelmedaille-en-de-later-uitgereikte-grote-medaille-op-naam-vanwege-de-Commissie-van-Erkentenis-rechts-het-Bronzen-Kruis-van-de-Tiendaagse-Veldtocht-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Onderscheidingen-van-Tonij-Stapelkamp-Citadelmedaille-en-de-later-uitgereikte-grote-medaille-op-naam-vanwege-de-Commissie-van-Erkentenis-rechts-het-Bronzen-Kruis-van-de-Tiendaagse-Veldtocht-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Onderscheidingen-van-Tonij-Stapelkamp-Citadelmedaille-en-de-later-uitgereikte-grote-medaille-op-naam-vanwege-de-Commissie-van-Erkentenis-rechts-het-Bronzen-Kruis-van-de-Tiendaagse-Veldtocht.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The decorations of Tonij Stapelkamp: the Citadel Medal and the (large) named medal issued later by the Commission of Gratitude; on the right, the Bronze Cross of the Ten Days&#8217; Campaign (photo submitted by A. Stapelkamp).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b34a64&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b34a64\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"603\" height=\"143\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Tiendaagse-Veldtocht-Zutphensche-Courant-30-11-1882.jpg\" alt=\"The Ten Days' Campaign &#x2013; Zutphensche Courant, 30 November 1882\" class=\"wp-image-49805\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Tiendaagse-Veldtocht-Zutphensche-Courant-30-11-1882.jpg 603w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Tiendaagse-Veldtocht-Zutphensche-Courant-30-11-1882-400x95.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Zutphensche Courant, 30 November 1882<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b3544f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b3544f\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"441\" height=\"255\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Paulus-Lorijn-oud-strijder-Aaltensche-Courant-01-04-1899.jpg\" alt=\"Paulus Lorijn, veteran - Aaltensche Courant, 04-01-1899\" class=\"wp-image-93714\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Paulus-Lorijn-oud-strijder-Aaltensche-Courant-01-04-1899.jpg 441w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Paulus-Lorijn-oud-strijder-Aaltensche-Courant-01-04-1899-400x231.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Aaltensche Courant, 1 April 1899<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b35e42&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b35e42\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"168\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Dragers-Metalen-Kruis-Aalten-Zutphensche-Courant-08-10-1890.jpg\" alt=\"Bearers of the Metal Cross, Aalten - Zutphensche Courant, 10-08-1890\" class=\"wp-image-95427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Dragers-Metalen-Kruis-Aalten-Zutphensche-Courant-08-10-1890.jpg 452w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Dragers-Metalen-Kruis-Aalten-Zutphensche-Courant-08-10-1890-400x149.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Zutphensche Courant, 8 October 1890<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b36838&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b36838\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"496\" height=\"136\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Bekink-Aalten-Metalen-Kruis-Nieuws-van-den-Dag-09-08-1898.jpg\" alt=\"Bekink, Aalten, Metal Cross - Nieuws van den Dag, 08-09-1898\" class=\"wp-image-95432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Bekink-Aalten-Metalen-Kruis-Nieuws-van-den-Dag-09-08-1898.jpg 496w, https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Bekink-Aalten-Metalen-Kruis-Nieuws-van-den-Dag-09-08-1898-400x110.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Nieuws van den Dag, 9 August 1898<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69da3c7b371db&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69da3c7b371db\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"387\" height=\"82\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/oudaalten.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/1831\/08\/Lohuis-Metalen-Kruis-Rotterdamsch-Nieuwsblad-09-06-1905.jpg\" alt=\"Lohuis, Metal Cross - Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad, 06-09-1905\" class=\"wp-image-95414\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad, 9 June 1905<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-custom-bronnen-gradient-background has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bronnen\"><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide is-style-wide--1\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resolver.kb.nl\/resolve?urn=MMECAL02:180125021:mpeg21:a00051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aaltensche Courant, 11 March 1938 (via Delpher)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/geschiedenis-regimenten-en-korpsen\/historische-canon-garderegiment-grenadiers-en-jagers\/het-regiment-paraat\/de-tiendaagse-veldtocht\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Defensie.nl<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbnl.org\/tekst\/_nee003198501_01\/_nee003198501_01_0065.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A Remarkable Captivity<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationaalarchief.nl\/onderzoeken\/index\/nt00302\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Archives<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiewaswie.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WieWasWie<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgische_Revolutie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Once again, young men from Aalten marched off to join the struggle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":141515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[627],"tags":[587],"class_list":["post-141605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-war-resistance","tag-aalten-achteruit"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Belgian Revolt (1830\u20131832) | Oud Aalten<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Once again, young men from Aalten marched off to join the struggle. 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